A participle is a verb form that functions as an adjective. A participle phrase is a group of words that includes the participle and its related words. The present participle is usually form by adding -ing to the present tense verb. Present participles are the only verb forms that are completely regular. The present participle (also known as the -ing form) is used with a form of the auxiliary be to express the progressive aspect.
Example
Multiple Choice
1. He ... his car.
a. is repairing
b. isn't repair
c. are repairing
d. aren't repaired
c. are repairing
d. aren't repaired
Analisa : Subjek pada kalimat tersebut adalah 'he', present participle yang paling tepat adalah 'is reparing' yang berfungsi sebagai verb, maka jawaban yang benar adalah 'A'.
2. ... are doing their homework.
a. She
b. Tim and Tom
c. Jeane
d. The girl
a. She
b. Tim and Tom
c. Jeane
d. The girl
Analisa : Dilihat dari to be yang digunakan, subjek yang tepat untuk jawaban di atas adalah subjek berbentuk jamak, maka jawaban yang benar pada opsi di atas adalah 'B'.
3. We are ... a film.
a. watching
b. watch.
c. to watch.
d. watched.
a. watching
b. watch.
c. to watch.
d. watched.
Analisa : Jawaban yang benar adalah 'A' karena dalam formula present continuous, to be 'are' diikuti dengan verb+ing dan 'wacthing' merupakan verb tense dari 'to watch'.
4. My uncle is next to the lady ... the red dress.
a. wearing
b. is wearing
c. weared
d. wear
a. wearing
b. is wearing
c. weared
d. wear
Analisa : Jawaban yang benar adalah 'A' karena 'wearing the red dress' merupakan present participle yang mendeskripsikan 'the lady'.
5. Dion ; to listen to the radio. -> (Affirmative sentences) ?
a. Dion is listening to the radio.
b. Dion listening to the radio.
c. Dion isn't listening to the radio.
d.Dion listen to the radio.
a. Dion is listening to the radio.
b. Dion listening to the radio.
c. Dion isn't listening to the radio.
d.Dion listen to the radio.
Analisa : 'listening' merupakan verb tense dari 'to listen', kalimat tersebut merupakan present continuous bentuk affirmative sentences dengan formula < s + (is/am/are) + verb + ing >, maka jawaban yang benar adalah 'A'.
Error Analysis
1. Tim and Tom are doing their homework.
Kalimat di atas correct, Tim and Tom merupakan subjecr, are doing merupakan present participle, their homework merupakan objek.
2. He is coaching gymnastic.
Kalimat di atas correct, he merupakan subject, is coaching merupakan waktu sedang dilakukan atau verb+ing.
3. I really like this dancing doll.
Kalimat di atas correct, I merupakan subject, dancing merupakan present participle yang berfungsi sebagai verb.
4. Your mother serving the dinner ?
Kalimat di atas incorrect, karena pada kalimat tersebut tidak terdapat to be 'is' pada awal kalimat, sebagai bagian dari bentuk continuous suatu kata kerja. Kalimat yang benar menjadi 'Is your mother serving the dinner?'.
5. Joni aren't typing the monthly report.
Kalimat di atas incorrect, karena to be yang seharusnya digunakan dalam kalimat tersebut adalah 'is not atau isn't' sebagai bagian dari bentuk continuous suatu kata kerja.
Referensi :
[1] Schwab, Christine. (2015). Grammar, Grades 7 - 8. North Carolina: Carson-Dellosa Publishing.
(https://books.google.co.id/books?id=mfppBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA102&dq=present+participle+usually&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwim2cK8iPnoAhXXT30KHevmB244ChDoAQhMMAQ#v=onepage&q=present%20participle%20usually&f=false)
(https://books.google.co.id/books?id=mfppBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA102&dq=present+participle+usually&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwim2cK8iPnoAhXXT30KHevmB244ChDoAQhMMAQ#v=onepage&q=present%20participle%20usually&f=false)
[2] Jarausch, Hannelore. (2009). Sur le vif Niveau Intermediare. Chapel Hill: Cengage Learning.
(https://books.google.co.id/books?id=G4WRSvFWHKEC&pg=PA228&dq=present+participle&hl=id&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwisgYfRjNnoAhUPU30KHeJBA2Q4FBDoAQgqMAA#v=onepage&q=present%20participle&f=false)
[3]May, Peter. 2012. Compact First Student's Book Pack. Cambridge : Cambridge English.
(https://books.google.co.id/books?id=vbLpcC-m4hMC&pg=PA102&dq=present+continuous+is&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjTp-eOsPjoAhUGcCsKHZdaB8cQ6AEIRzAE#v=onepage&q=present%20continuous%20is&f=false)
(https://books.google.co.id/books?id=G4WRSvFWHKEC&pg=PA228&dq=present+participle&hl=id&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwisgYfRjNnoAhUPU30KHeJBA2Q4FBDoAQgqMAA#v=onepage&q=present%20participle&f=false)
[3]May, Peter. 2012. Compact First Student's Book Pack. Cambridge : Cambridge English.
(https://books.google.co.id/books?id=vbLpcC-m4hMC&pg=PA102&dq=present+continuous+is&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjTp-eOsPjoAhUGcCsKHZdaB8cQ6AEIRzAE#v=onepage&q=present%20continuous%20is&f=false)